Second Semester
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Medical Imaging Systems (offered by Medical Physics)
-- Course Contents --
Classification of fundamental particles – Classification of radiation- Classification of ionizing photon radiation –- Types of indirectly ionizing photon radiations – production of x-rays – x-ray tubes – Photon beam attenuation – Types of photon interactions -Photoelectric effect – Coherent (Rayleigh) scattering – Compton effect (incoherent scattering) – Pair production – Photonuclear reactions- Contributions to attenuation coefficients – Relative predominance of individual effects – Effects following photon interactions – Filters – Half Value Thickness – Quantity and Quality of Radiation – unit of energy.
Exposure, unit of Exposure – absorbed dose and units of absorbed Dose – dose equivalent and effective dose – Radiation detection – principles – ion chamber.
Basics of Radiation Protection- Radiation effects – genetic and somatic – stochastic and deterministic –principles of radiation protection – time, distance and shielding – protection principles – justification, optimisation and dose limits – ALARA – equivalent dose and effective dose – Radiation weighting factor – organ weighting factor – shielding materials – Basic Safety Standards –ICRP 60 –National Regulatory Requirement– Room design consideration for X-ray, CT, SPECT and PET installations – Personnel monitoring – Film Badge – TLD and pocket dosimeters.
Photographic Principles – Films – Types of film; Characteristics of films – Intensifying screens: X-ray cassette: – Types of cassettes; Identifying of cassettes; records necessary for cassettes; – x-ray dark room: X-ray developers; – Computed Radiography: storage phosphor plates – CR Reader – Digital Radiography – aSi – aSe flat panel imagers.
Principles – generation of CT scanners – types of detectors – MDCT – Physics of projection radiography, source and recorder considerations (point source and extended sources, recorder point spread function)- Reconstruction techniques.
Basic concepts – NMR – basic concepts of MRI – Basic MR image formation – RF Excitation – Relaxation (T1 and T2) – Introduction to MR coils – Volume coils – Gradient coils – Slice selection – phase encoding – frequency encoding – Introduction to pulse sequencing – Spin echo sequence – T1w image – T2W image- Proton density – Gradient echo sequence – Inversion recovery– FLAIR – EPI – DTI – Spectroscopy – Functional Imaging Special Acquisition Techniques: Angiography- Diffusion Imaging – Functional MRI (fMRI)- Parallel MRI.
Basic physics, ultrasound Properties, transducers; principle design and types, A-mode, M-mode, B-mode, Linear and Curvilinear Arrays, Phased Arrays, Annular Arrays, The Near Field, The Far Field, Focused Transducers, Side and Grating Lobes-. Image quality and artefacts. Doppler.
Rectilinear scanner – Scintillation detectors – Gamma camera – SPECT – PET – DEXA scanner – Hybrid imaging systems – SPECT – CT, PET-CT.
Thermography; Telemetry; Optical imaging systems – optical property of tissues; Electromagnetic radiation effects on tissues
Admission Opens
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